<h2>New ISTI temperature dataset - station trends map</h2>

This is my second post on the new beta release of the ISTItemperature database. The first post was a Google Maps interactive map of the stations. This time we have an interactive global trend map in the style I did for GHCN.

Again, the dataset is large, and takes a few seconds to load, so I have put it below the fold. It is a globe that shows individual station trends with shading on a triangular mesh. The shading color is accurate at the stations themselves. You can display the stations and mesh, and click to pick up the numerical information. There is a little navigator map that lets you reorient the globe as you wish. Maps are available for periods of 30, 45 and 60 years to present. You can magnify 2x, 4x or 8x.

I should emphasise that these are trends for individual stations - there is no modelling or smoothing, except for the triangle shading interpolation. I find that valuable in that it shows the spatial correlation (or lack of). I was interested to see if the larger ISTI set gave a similar result to GHCN.

I think it does. A notable feature of all these plots, whether for period averages or trends, is that the US seems more of a patchwork than ROW. This is of course partly the higher density of stations, but I think there really is less coherence. Perhaps there is a quality issue (associated with the large numbers).

Anyway, the map is below the jump. There is some further discussion of the methods in this plot from last November. Below the map I've written a little about the numerics..

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Click on this map to orient the world plot. Show Stations Show Mesh Magnification 2× 4× Trend period 1952-2011 1967-2011 1982-2011 Station

How the trends are calculated.

The trends are calculated using monthly data over calendar years (So I didn't use 2012 months). There is a tricky issue with seasonality. If you take the trend of a year from autumn to autumn, monthly, you'll get an uptrend even if the year ends as it began. The calendar year is mostly winter to winter or summer to summer, so the effect is much diminished. I allowed for this using the method from TempLS. Instead of just one intercept, I fit (OLS) twelve monthly offsets (means) as well as the slope. This subtracts out the seasonal variation and gives the underlying trend.

Sea Temperatures

As usual I've added SST's by taking a published gridded set and putting artificial stations at the grid centres. Previously I've used ERSST, this time I used HADSST2. The emphasis is on the land data, but the mesh goes haywire without ocean nodes. The HAD grid is coarser, so the ocean trends are more patchy. Because of the arbitrary placement of stations at 5x5 grid centres, it can happen that they appear on land. Please excuse.

Update There are some odd hotspots in southern oceans for the longer time periods. This is an artefact. It is caused by an arrangement I have which enables me to use the same mesh for all three time intervals (meshes take time to download). I use a single mesh with a node for every station with any admissible trend - a station has to have 80% of months reporting to be assigned a trend over a period. Where for a time period a station doesn't have a trend, I assign an interpolated value for coloring purposes. The station is not shown, so the effect should be a minor upset in the shading only. However, there are in those parts some stations which do not have any connected stations with trends (for that time interval - worst at 60 years). Then the interpolation goes wrong, and the shading shows artificial heat. I don't think it happens anywhere on land.